Introduction
Telomeres are essential DNA-protein complexes which protect the physical ends of chromosomes. Leucocyte telomere length (LTL) reflects length of telomeres in tissues, and shorter LTL marks advancing biological age. Estradiol is associated with LTL [1,2], but the influence of insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) remains uncertain. We examined associations of plasma IGF-I, it’s binding proteins 1 and 3 (IGFBP1 and IGFBP3) and estradiol with LTL in 2,999 community-dwelling men aged 70-84 years.
Methods
Plasma IGF-I, IGFBP1 and IGFBP3 measured using immunoassay and sex hormones using mass spectrometry. LTL measured by PCR, expressed as the ratio of telomeric to single-copy control gene DNA (T/S ratio). Linear regression models adjusted for age and cardiometabolic risk factors, and median splits were used to define low/high (L/H) groups.
Results
Mean age was 76.7±3.2 years. Per decade of age, T/S ratio declined by 0.063 (p=0.0002), IGF-I by 18.4 ug/L (p<0.0001) and IGFBP3 by 467 ug/L (p<0.0001) while IGFBP1 increased by 12.1 ug/L (p<0.0001). IGF-I and IGFBP3 showed age-adjusted correlations with LTL (coefficient 0.059, p=0.001 and 0.045, p=0.013 respectively) IGFBP1 did not. In multivariable-adjusted models IGF-I and IGFBP3 (but not IGFBP1) were associated with LTL (estimated difference in T/S ratio 0.015 per 1SD increase in IGF-I, p=0.007 and 0.011 per 1SD increase in IGFBP3, p=0.049). Men with high IGF-I (>133 ug/L) and high estradiol (>70 pmol/L) (H/H) had longer LTL compared to men with low concentrations (L/L) (multivariable-adjusted T/S ratio H/H 1.20, p=0.007; H/L 1.18, p=0.147, L/H 1.16, p=0.877, L/L 1.16). There was no corresponding finding for IGF-I and testosterone.
Conclusions
Higher IGF-I and IGFBP3 are independently associated with longer telomeres, consistent with lower biological age, in older men. Additive influences of higher IGF-I and higher estradiol on telomere length are present. Further work is needed to clarify how hormonal exposures might interactively modulate biological ageing.