Introduction
Androgen deficiency in adult men is characterised by clinical features of hypogonadism and confirmed by low morning serum total testosterone (T)[i]. Hence, accurate determination of T is essential.
Immunoassay technique (IAT) is used in T measurement as it is economical and provides rapid information. IAT can reliably measure T at higher levels, but is less accurate at lower levels, in infants, children and women. The ratio 10:1 of T:dihydrotestosterone (DHT) was established using radioimmunoassay (RIA).
Currently, mass spectrometry (LCMS) is preferred given better accuracy and less variability compared to IAT[ii] [iii] [iv]. However, there is operator and inter-method variability affecting precision and accuracy[v]. It is also labour intensive and therefore costlier with longer processing times.
Therefore, there is debate whether IAT is preferred in measuring T in adult men[vi].
Methods
Primary: Retrospective audit comparing T measured by LCMS and IAT in men >17 years (n=49), from February 2016 to August 2018.
Secondary: We compared T:DHT relationship using LCMS (n=81). Samples from men (n=8) on testosterone replacement were excluded.
Results
T measured using LCMS and IAT demonstrated good correlation (R2=0.9758). Even when T<10 nmol/L, this relationship was maintained.
Relationship between LCMS T and DHT showed only 27% (n=22) had a ratio of approximately 10:1, with poor correlation (R2 =0.6932).
Conclusion
Given good correlation between LCMS and IAT (even when T<10 nmol/L), quicker processing and lower costs, IAT could be considered as first line method in measuring T in adult men. Relationship between T and DHT established using RIA was not observed with LCMS. Larger studies to further validate T measurement using IAT in adult males are recommended.